Contribution of in-port shipping emissions to gaseous pollutants and particulate matter of different sizes in an Adriatic port-city

In recent years, shipping emissions are a growing concern because of their impacts on air quality and climate in coastal areas. In particular, in-port ship emissions are harmful for local communities since the proximity of the main harbours to urban agglomerates. Few studies are focused on size distribution and number concentration of emitted particles, especially at low loads (e.g., manoeuvring and hotelling). In this work, the contributions of maritime emissions to gaseous pollutants and particles of different sizes (range 0.009-32 µm) distinguishing manoeuvring and hotelling phase (including loading/unloading activities) are reported. Results show that the estimated contributions of the two phases are different in terms of size distributions of the emitted particles and could be efficiently described using four size intervals. Hotelling has greater impact on particles with diameter Dp<0.25 and Dp>1 in number concentration while manoeuvring phase contributes substantially on mass concentration of particles between 0.4 and 2.5 µm. Finally, harbour logistic plays a significant role in determining the total impact of shipping of the nearby coastal areas, especially in terms of PNC (particle number concentration) that need further studies.